Малый бизнес попал в зону риска

by Sharky 12/22/2008 11:43:00 PM
Малый бизнес столкнется с ужесточением условий банковского кредитования и отказами, кредиты с высокой степенью риска подорожают, а процентные ставки по ипотечным кредитам останутся прежними или увеличатся незначительно. К такому выводу пришли участники Интернет-моста "Кредитный рынок России-2008".

Хотя российские банки более-менее благополучно переживают мировой кризис ликвидности, многим категориям заемщиков все сложнее получить кредит. Российские кредитные организации сделали вывод из проблем своих зарубежных коллег и не хотят их повторения у себя дома, ужесточая требования к финансовому состоянию потенциального клиента. Особенно эта тенденция заметна в сегменте экспресс-кредитования, где число отказов уже значительно возросло. Впрочем, сложности с получением кредитов намечаются и по другим направлениям, говорят аналитики.

Ужесточение требований прежде всего касается кредитов с высокой степенью риска. "Здесь возможно как увеличение минимального первоначального взноса, так и стоимости кредита, хотя принципиального роста ставок по всем продуктам не произойдет. В некоторых банках уже сейчас идет реструктуризация продуктовой линейки. По тем продуктам, которые вызывают у инвесторов сомнения, ставки повышаются", - отмечает заместитель председателя правления банка "Хоум Кредит" (Москва) Владимир Гасяк. "Наиболее рискованные, а значит, и самые дорогие кредиты - это кредитные карты, потребительские кредиты без обеспечения или под поручительство физических лиц и кредиты на развитие малого бизнеса. Особенно при кредитовании бизнеса "с нуля", - добавляет ведущий специалист группы организации продаж отдела розничного бизнеса банка "Уралсиб" (Самара) Екатерина Нагорнова. А по наблюдению начальника отдела маркетинга ЗАО "ФИНКА" (Самара) Сергея Логачева, некоторые банки в Поволжье и Сибири сейчас сворачивают или останавливают активно рекламировавшиеся в прошлом году кредитные программы по малому бизнесу.

Что касается рынка ипотечного кредитования, то его ждет сложный, но вполне предсказуемый год, считают участники Интернет-моста. "Ожидается колоссальный спрос со стороны потребителя на ипотечные кредиты в условиях ограниченного предложения. Альтернативные источники ипотечной ликвидности еще не созданы, а имеющиеся подорожали и стали доступны далеко не всем. Кроме того, будет происходить дальнейшая консолидация банковских ипотечных игроков", - прогнозирует генеральный директор супермаркета кредитов "Кредитмарт" (Москва) Николай Корчагин. Впрочем, не все согласны с тем, что спрос на ипотеку значительно превышает предложение. "Говорить о дефиците банковского предложения по кредитным ипотечным продуктам в 2008 году однозначно не придется, поскольку в банковской среде в этом сегменте отмечается очень жесткая конкуренция", - не соглашается с утверждением господина Корчагина Екатерина Нагорнова.

"Во втором полугодии прошлого года рост ставок по ипотеке у разных банков составлял от 0,5 до 2%. Учитывая, что основные игроки удерживают ставки на прежнем уровне, дальнейшее их повышение в 2008 году по ипотечным кредитам маловероятно, - говорит заместитель председателя правления Юниаструм Банка (Москва) Сергей Бессонов. - Тем более что практика показывает - потенциальные заемщики просто уходят в другие кредитующие учреждения, где ставки не изменялись". Оптимистично на будущее российского ипотечного рынка смотрит и директор департамента розничного бизнеса "Ак Барс Банка" Марат Ганеев. "Рынок ипотечного кредитования России молодой и имеет значительный потенциал для роста", - уверен он. По мнению господина Ганеева, определенные сложности могут возникнуть у банков, которые специализируются на рынке розничного кредитования, но при этом никогда не занимались привлечением средств физических лиц в депозиты. Что же касается остальных крупных банков, имеющих дополнительные ресурсные возможности, то они могут существенно увеличить свои ипотечные портфели.

Марат Ганеев также прогнозирует, что стоимость привлекаемого в ипотеку капитала в этом году будет на 1-2% выше, чем в прошлом. В самом "Ак Барс" Банке увеличение процентных ставок по ипотеке произошло только по программе на приобретение вторичного жилья. "Это было сделано банком в рамках собственной программы ипотечного кредитования "Ак Барс-Новоселье". Рост составил 1 процентный пункт", - сообщил господин Ганеев корреспонденту "ВиД".

А по убеждению президента Ассоциации кредитных брокеров (Самара) Дианы Маштакеевой, нынешний год также порадует качественным заемщиком, к чему неминуемо должно привести ужесточение банковских требований.

 

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