Стройкасса. Новый вид ипотеки и социальное жилье должны решить квартирный вопрос

by Creditor 5/23/2008 5:45:00 PM
   Сделать жилье по-настоящему доступным для большинства россиян намерен Совет Федерации. В частности, верхняя палата парламента поддерживает законопроект о строительных сберегательных кассах, внесенный на рассмотрение в Госдуму. Об этом заявил председатель Совета Федерации Сергей Миронов на форуме жилищно-коммунальной и строительной сферы.

Документ предусматривает принципиально новую схему накопления средств и предоставления кредитов на покупку жилья. Как пояснил Сергей Миронов, в рамках этого закона будут созданы кредитные учреждения "нового образца". Люди, желающие купить квартиру, смогут на протяжении двух-трех лет копить в них деньги до определенной суммы, после чего государство безвозмездно добавит к ней еще 20 процентов, плюс на протяжении этого времени будет начислять по 2-3 процента годовых. Таким образом можно "насобирать" первоначальный взнос. Если в дальнейшем человек захочет в этом учреждении взять кредит на покупку жилья, он его получит в среднем под 5 процентов годовых, а не под 12-14, как сейчас выдают банки. Такая схема уже несколько десятилетий действует в Европе.

"Вокруг этого закона в Госдуме идут большие споры, не всем он выгоден, - подчеркнул Сергей Миронов, - но мы надеемся, что он все-таки будет принят и быстро начнет работать. Ведь сейчас ипотека доступна, по самым оптимистичным оценкам, пятой части населения страны. Но, по моему глубокому убеждению, - не больше 10-12 процентам. Широко используемый термин "доступное жилье" обозначает всего лишь возможность выбора и покупки. Так вот оставшиеся 80-90 процентов россиян при существующих механизмах этой самой возможностью воспользоваться не смогут никогда. Во-первых, неподъемны первые взносы, во-вторых, большинство по-прежнему не может позволить себе долгосрочные покупки, едва сводя концы с концами".

Но и даже после того, как новая схема будет введена, жилье станет по карману, по экспертным оценкам, еще процентам 20 - 25.

Для всех остальных Сергей Миронов предложил строить за счет государства социальное жилье. И сдавать его - сначала остро нуждающимся, а в идеале всем желающим по более низким, чем на рынке, ценам. "Без развития такой программы жилищную проблему быстро не решить", - заметил спикер.

Также он сказал, что Федеральное Собрание готово быстро рассмотреть законодательную базу для создания Фонда поддержки малоэтажного строительства. Он обратил внимание на то, что в нашей стране много земли и мы можем позволить создание современных городов и поселков нового типа. "Есть у нас, - добавил он, - и возможности для развития стройиндустрии в этих целях, предприятия, изготовляющие легкие, технологически эффективные материалы".

По его словам, существующая правовая база позволяет уже сейчас начать малоэтажное строительство, но, если потребуется, парламентарии готовы быстро рассмотреть и принять все необходимые законы для создания Фонда и реализации этого проекта.

"Слово сейчас за профессионалами, которые должны сказать, что нужно изменить в законодательной базе, чтобы дать импульс этому процессу", - добавил Сергей Миронов.

Впрочем, строители, присутствующие на форуме, отметили, что по идее готовы выполнять поставленные государством задачи и ежегодно увеличивать темпы и объемы строительства. Но для этого, во-первых, должна начать более активно развиваться индустрия стройматериалов, а во-вторых, все упирается в кадры.

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